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巨人山(捷克称为克尔科诺谢)属于苏台德地区,是捷克共和国境内最高和最著名的山脉,它属于由捷克共和国、波兰和德国共同拥有的一系列中山的一个部分。尽管其最高点(Snezka)的海拔高度只有1602m,属于中山范围,但巨人山的最高区域代表了一种表现副北极和高山地区之间相互平衡关系的特殊的地貌系统。在北欧和中欧后冰期和冰后期的变化中,巨人山做为生物地理学的“十字路口”起到了极其重要的作用。因此,这里有许多高山和北极现象,如高山森林线、副极地泥炭沼泽、斑状雪地、崩塌、雪崩、冰缘岩屑堆、解冻泥流、强霜冻侵蚀阶地、突岩、多边形土和显著的生物特征(孑遗种和孑遗生态系统)。通过长期的多学科研究,认为巨人山的高海拔地区属于北极高山冻原。根据地形、多边形土的类型、气候因素和植被的构成等特点,北极高山冻原可分为三个地带:冰雪风成地带、有植被的冰雪形成地带和似雪冰成地带。尽管做为国家公园而受到保护,但不断增加的人类活动已严重地威胁到中欧这个独特的北极高山冻原“孤岛”。对巨人山冻原的主要威胁有:①大量的游人带来的环境影响;②大量种植的矮松林地干扰了最近的冻土过程;③空气污染和气候变化的症状。因此,国家公园管理机构正在对生物和非生物过程进行监测和研究,以确保对巨人山北极高山冻原的有效管理和保护。
Giant Hill, known as the Krkonoše in the Czech Republic, belongs to the Sudeten region and is the tallest and most famous mountain range in the Czech Republic. It belongs to a series of parts of Zhongshan that are jointly owned by the Czech Republic, Poland and Germany. Although its highest point (Snezka) is only 1602 m above sea level in the mid-range range, the tallest area in the Giant Mountains represents a special geomorphic system that represents the balance between the sub-Arctic and the alpine areas. In the post-ice and post-ice changes of Northern Europe and Central Europe, the Giant Mountains played an extremely important role as the “crossroads” of biogeography. As a result, there are many alpine and arctic phenomena, such as alpine forest lines, sub-polar peat swamps, spotted snow, collapses, avalanches, ice-edge debris heaps, defrosting mudflows, strong frost erosion terraces, torments, polygons and significant Biological characteristics (relict and relict ecosystem). Through long-term, multidisciplinary research, it is considered that the high altitude area of Giant Mountains belongs to Arctic alpine tundra. According to the topography, the types of polygons, the climatic factors and the composition of vegetation, the Arctic alpine tundra can be divided into three zones: the ice-snow zone, the snow-formed zone with vegetation and the snow-ice zone. Although protected as a national park, the ever-increasing human activity has posed a serious threat to Central Europe, a unique Arctic alpine tundra. The main threats to the giant mountain tundra are: (i) the environmental impact of large numbers of tourists; (ii) the heavily planted pine woodlands interferes with the recent permafrost processes; and (3) the symptoms of air pollution and climate change. As a result, national park authorities are monitoring and studying biotic and abiotic processes to ensure the effective management and protection of the Arctic alpine tundra in the Giant Mountains.