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一、it 做主语指代单个人/物。
it做主语通常指代除人之外的任何东西，也可指代上文提到的事物，间或指小孩或不知是谁心目中的人，如"who is it?"之类句子中的it，还可指代时间、天气、距离等。
【考例】
1.—He was nearly drowned once.
—When was_______?
—_______was in 1998 when he was inmiddle school.(2002北京、内蒙古、安徽)
A.that;It B.this;This
C.this;It D.that;This
解析：答案是A。对语境可以推出第一空指代上文所提之事，因此应填that；第二空指代时间，因此应填It。
2.The Parkers bought a new hOUSe but_______will need a lot of work before they canmove in.(NMET 2001)
A.they B.it C.one D.which
【分析】答案是B。it代替上文中提到过的事物，此处指a new hOUSe。
3.The doctor advised Vera strongly thatshe should take a holiday，but_______didn'thelp.(2005全国卷Ⅱ)
A.it B.she C.which D.he
【分析】答案是A。it代替上文中提到过的事"The doetor advised Vera strongly that…".
二、it代替动名词或不定式，做形式主语/形式宾语。
it做形式主语时可以用不定式或动名词做真正主语，用于句型It is adi./n.to do sth.和句型It is n0 use/no good/useless do-ing sth.。
【考例】
1.In fact,_______is a hard lob for the police to keep order in an important football match.(2001上海)
A.this B.that C.there D.it
解析：答案是D。分析语境和句子成份可知，to keep order in an important football match为不定式做真正主语，所以空档应用it做形式主语。
2.It is no_______arguing with Bill be-cause he will never change his mind.(2006全国卷Ⅱ)
A.use B.help C.time D.way
解析：答案是A。句中arguing with Bill为动名词做真正主语，It为形式主语。
3.The chairman thought_______neees－sary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.(2005全国Ⅰ)
A.that B.it C.this D.him
【分析】答案是B。it做形式宾语代替to invite…。
4.As the busiest woman in Norton.she made______her duty to look after all the other people's affairs in that town.(2006湖南)
A.this B.that C.one D.it
【分析】答案是B。it做形式宾语代替t0 look after…。
三、it 做主语用来指代that从句。
it做形式主语时可用that从句做真正主语，常见句型如下：It is one's belief/hope/thought/idea/opinion/view that(某人相信/希望/认为)；It is no wonder/a pity/a shame that(难怪/真可惜/真不害臊)；It is+adj.+that(……是……的)，It is+过去分词+that(据……)。
【考例】
1.______is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger,more prosperous economy.(2006浙江)
A.As B.That C.This D.It
解析：答案是D。分析语境和句子成份可知，句中that从句为真正主语，因此空档应用It担任形式主语。
2.The Foreign Minister said."______our hope that the two sides will work towardspeace."(2004北京)
A.This is B.There is
C.That is D.It is
解析：答案是D。对语境和句子成份分析可知，句中that从句做真正主语，所以空档应用It担任形式主语。
3.______in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.(2005上海)
A.What is required
B.What requires
C.It is required
D.It requires
解析：答案是C。分析语境和句子成分不难发现，that从句为真正主语，所以应使用It is required that句型。
4.He hasn't slept at all for three days.______he is tired out.(2005湖北)
A.There is no point
B.There is no need
C.It is no wonder
D.It is no way
析：答案是C。从语境可以推断空档表示“难怪”，应使用It is n0 wonder(that)句型，其中he is tired out做真正主语，It做形式主语。
四、it 做主语用于其它句型
it做主语还可用于it comes to(涉及到)，it remains to be done whether(是否…… 有待于……)，it is convenient to sb.(如果某人方便)，it is(all)up to you(一切由你决定)，It/All/That depends(要看情况而定)等句型，这些句型使用频率高，表达效果好。
【考例】
1.Most of us know we should cut downon fat,but knowing such things isn't muchhelp when it______shopping and eating.(2006天津)
A.refers to B.speaks of
C.focuses on D.comes to
解析：答案是D。从语境可以推出，空档表示“涉及到”，因此应用it comes to 句型。
2.It remains______ whether Jim'll befit enough to play in the finals.(2006浙江)
A.seen B.to be seen
C.seeing D.to see
解析：答案是B。it remains to be seen…意为“试目以待……”。
3.If it is quite______to you,I will visityou next Tuesday.(2005天津)
A.convenient B.fair
C.easy D.comfortable
解析：答案是A。从语境可知，该空表示“方便的”，应使用it is convenient to sb.句型。
4.—Shall we go to the art exhibition right away?
—______.(2005安徽)
A.It's your opinion
B.I don't mind
C.It's all up to you
D.That's your decision
解析：答案是C。分析语境可知空档表示“一切由你决定”，因此应用It's all up toyou句型。
5.—How often do you eat out?
—______.but usually once a week.(2004天津)
A.Have no idea
B.It depends
C.As usual
D.Generally speaking
解析：答案是B。分析语境可知空档表示“要看情况而定”，因此应用It depends.句型。
6.—How long are you staying?
—I don't know.______.(2004江苏)
A.That's OK B.Never mind
C.It depends D.It doesn't matter
解析：答案是C。It depends是习惯用法意为“那要看情况而定”从I don't know可以看出作者没有把握。
五、it 作形式宾语代后面的从句。
多与动词like,hate,appreciate,see to等连用，做形式宾语或者是完全属习惯用法，不代表什么成分。
【考例】
1.I like______in the autumn when theweather is clear and bright.(2004全国)
A.this B.that C.it D.one
【分析】答案是C。it作形式宾语代后面的when从句。
2.I'appreciate______if you wouldlike to teach me how to use the computer.(2006山东)
A.that B.it C.this D.you
【分析】答案是B。it作形式宾语代后面的if从句。
六、习惯用法中的it
it用于某些习语中，其语法作用和意义均含糊，不必分析。例如：
That's it.对了。
I can't help it.=It can't be helped.我无能为力。
Get with it!振作精神!
Keep at it!坚持下去!
Go it while you are young.趁你还年轻就努力干吧。
Make it.规定时间/做到/成功。
Foot it.步行去。
As it is/was.事实上。
Fight it out.决一雌雄。
Keep at it.别松劲。
Catch it.冒险/碰运气。
He thinks he is it.他自以为了不起。
Get it.①理解/明白。 ②作对了。③受到惩罚。
【考例】
1.—I'm terribly sorry I broke your glass.
—______.(2005安徽卷)
A.That's right B.Bad luck
C.Sorry D.You can forget it
【分析】答案是D。You can forget it是习惯用法意为“没关系”或“不要想这事了”
3.If I can help______,I don't likeworking late into the night.(2006全国Ⅰ)
A.one B.that C.it D.this
【分析】答案是c。it是习惯用法如：Ican't help it.=It can't be helped.我无能为力。
it做主语通常指代除人之外的任何东西，也可指代上文提到的事物，间或指小孩或不知是谁心目中的人，如"who is it?"之类句子中的it，还可指代时间、天气、距离等。
【考例】
1.—He was nearly drowned once.
—When was_______?
—_______was in 1998 when he was inmiddle school.(2002北京、内蒙古、安徽)
A.that;It B.this;This
C.this;It D.that;This
解析：答案是A。对语境可以推出第一空指代上文所提之事，因此应填that；第二空指代时间，因此应填It。
2.The Parkers bought a new hOUSe but_______will need a lot of work before they canmove in.(NMET 2001)
A.they B.it C.one D.which
【分析】答案是B。it代替上文中提到过的事物，此处指a new hOUSe。
3.The doctor advised Vera strongly thatshe should take a holiday，but_______didn'thelp.(2005全国卷Ⅱ)
A.it B.she C.which D.he
【分析】答案是A。it代替上文中提到过的事"The doetor advised Vera strongly that…".
二、it代替动名词或不定式，做形式主语/形式宾语。
it做形式主语时可以用不定式或动名词做真正主语，用于句型It is adi./n.to do sth.和句型It is n0 use/no good/useless do-ing sth.。
【考例】
1.In fact,_______is a hard lob for the police to keep order in an important football match.(2001上海)
A.this B.that C.there D.it
解析：答案是D。分析语境和句子成份可知，to keep order in an important football match为不定式做真正主语，所以空档应用it做形式主语。
2.It is no_______arguing with Bill be-cause he will never change his mind.(2006全国卷Ⅱ)
A.use B.help C.time D.way
解析：答案是A。句中arguing with Bill为动名词做真正主语，It为形式主语。
3.The chairman thought_______neees－sary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.(2005全国Ⅰ)
A.that B.it C.this D.him
【分析】答案是B。it做形式宾语代替to invite…。
4.As the busiest woman in Norton.she made______her duty to look after all the other people's affairs in that town.(2006湖南)
A.this B.that C.one D.it
【分析】答案是B。it做形式宾语代替t0 look after…。
三、it 做主语用来指代that从句。
it做形式主语时可用that从句做真正主语，常见句型如下：It is one's belief/hope/thought/idea/opinion/view that(某人相信/希望/认为)；It is no wonder/a pity/a shame that(难怪/真可惜/真不害臊)；It is+adj.+that(……是……的)，It is+过去分词+that(据……)。
【考例】
1.______is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger,more prosperous economy.(2006浙江)
A.As B.That C.This D.It
解析：答案是D。分析语境和句子成份可知，句中that从句为真正主语，因此空档应用It担任形式主语。
2.The Foreign Minister said."______our hope that the two sides will work towardspeace."(2004北京)
A.This is B.There is
C.That is D.It is
解析：答案是D。对语境和句子成份分析可知，句中that从句做真正主语，所以空档应用It担任形式主语。
3.______in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.(2005上海)
A.What is required
B.What requires
C.It is required
D.It requires
解析：答案是C。分析语境和句子成分不难发现，that从句为真正主语，所以应使用It is required that句型。
4.He hasn't slept at all for three days.______he is tired out.(2005湖北)
A.There is no point
B.There is no need
C.It is no wonder
D.It is no way
析：答案是C。从语境可以推断空档表示“难怪”，应使用It is n0 wonder(that)句型，其中he is tired out做真正主语，It做形式主语。
四、it 做主语用于其它句型
it做主语还可用于it comes to(涉及到)，it remains to be done whether(是否…… 有待于……)，it is convenient to sb.(如果某人方便)，it is(all)up to you(一切由你决定)，It/All/That depends(要看情况而定)等句型，这些句型使用频率高，表达效果好。
【考例】
1.Most of us know we should cut downon fat,but knowing such things isn't muchhelp when it______shopping and eating.(2006天津)
A.refers to B.speaks of
C.focuses on D.comes to
解析：答案是D。从语境可以推出，空档表示“涉及到”，因此应用it comes to 句型。
2.It remains______ whether Jim'll befit enough to play in the finals.(2006浙江)
A.seen B.to be seen
C.seeing D.to see
解析：答案是B。it remains to be seen…意为“试目以待……”。
3.If it is quite______to you,I will visityou next Tuesday.(2005天津)
A.convenient B.fair
C.easy D.comfortable
解析：答案是A。从语境可知，该空表示“方便的”，应使用it is convenient to sb.句型。
4.—Shall we go to the art exhibition right away?
—______.(2005安徽)
A.It's your opinion
B.I don't mind
C.It's all up to you
D.That's your decision
解析：答案是C。分析语境可知空档表示“一切由你决定”，因此应用It's all up toyou句型。
5.—How often do you eat out?
—______.but usually once a week.(2004天津)
A.Have no idea
B.It depends
C.As usual
D.Generally speaking
解析：答案是B。分析语境可知空档表示“要看情况而定”，因此应用It depends.句型。
6.—How long are you staying?
—I don't know.______.(2004江苏)
A.That's OK B.Never mind
C.It depends D.It doesn't matter
解析：答案是C。It depends是习惯用法意为“那要看情况而定”从I don't know可以看出作者没有把握。
五、it 作形式宾语代后面的从句。
多与动词like,hate,appreciate,see to等连用，做形式宾语或者是完全属习惯用法，不代表什么成分。
【考例】
1.I like______in the autumn when theweather is clear and bright.(2004全国)
A.this B.that C.it D.one
【分析】答案是C。it作形式宾语代后面的when从句。
2.I'appreciate______if you wouldlike to teach me how to use the computer.(2006山东)
A.that B.it C.this D.you
【分析】答案是B。it作形式宾语代后面的if从句。
六、习惯用法中的it
it用于某些习语中，其语法作用和意义均含糊，不必分析。例如：
That's it.对了。
I can't help it.=It can't be helped.我无能为力。
Get with it!振作精神!
Keep at it!坚持下去!
Go it while you are young.趁你还年轻就努力干吧。
Make it.规定时间/做到/成功。
Foot it.步行去。
As it is/was.事实上。
Fight it out.决一雌雄。
Keep at it.别松劲。
Catch it.冒险/碰运气。
He thinks he is it.他自以为了不起。
Get it.①理解/明白。 ②作对了。③受到惩罚。
【考例】
1.—I'm terribly sorry I broke your glass.
—______.(2005安徽卷)
A.That's right B.Bad luck
C.Sorry D.You can forget it
【分析】答案是D。You can forget it是习惯用法意为“没关系”或“不要想这事了”
3.If I can help______,I don't likeworking late into the night.(2006全国Ⅰ)
A.one B.that C.it D.this
【分析】答案是c。it是习惯用法如：Ican't help it.=It can't be helped.我无能为力。