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发热伴血小板减少综合征(severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome,SFTS)是一种急性传染性疾病,由布尼亚病毒(severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome bunyavirus,SFTSV)感染所致,该新病毒隶属于布尼亚病毒科白蛉病毒属,2009年在中国首次被发现,近年来已在大半个中国地区流行传播,致数千人患病甚至死亡,平均病死率约10％,陆续地在韩国、日本和美国也有类似疫情报道.该疾病主要临床症状表现为高热、厌食、肌肉痛、寒战、淋巴结肿大、白细胞降低、血小板减少和多器官功能衰竭等.SFTSV的基因组由大(L)、中(M)、小(S)3个单股负链RNA片段组成.为更详细地了解SFTSV,本文针对其病原学特征、流行病学特征、早期检测方法和临床诊断以及疾病预防等方面对近年来的有关研究进行了整理和综述,以期对发热伴血小板减少综合征(SFTS)的预防和治疗提供理论依据.“,”Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease that has newly become epidemic in Asia,especially in China.The causative agent of SFTS is a novel phlebovirus in the family Bunyaviridae,and is designated as SFTS virus (SFTSV).SFTS was firstly described in China in 2009,followed by several reports from other countries worldwide,such as South Korea,Japan and the USA.SFTSV epidemic undergoes rapidly through China in recent years.Thousands of people were infected with an average fatality rate of about 10％.SFTS clinically presents with high fever,thrombocytopenia,leukocytopenia,gastrointestinal disorders,and multi-organ dysfunction.The genome of the virus consists of three (large,medium and small) single stranded negative RNA chains.This review focused on the pathogenicity,prevalence and detection of SFTSV infection to update the current understanding about early diagnosis and prevention of SFTS.