本文节译自1980年美国出版的《田野考古手册》的第二章,标题为译者所加,此书系考古学家玛莎·朱可斯卡(Martha Joukowsky )编著,是考古工作者必备的指导性书籍,作者长期从事田野考古.足迹遍及欧美、中东、远东等地,并执教于纽约大学.《手册》是她十多年工作经验的总结,书中第二章标题为“考古与环境”.环境考古学在中国考古界已愈益受到重视,希望本文能给考古学者们以新的启示. This section is a translation of the second chapter of the Field Archeology Handbook, published by the United States in 1980, titled Translator Addiction, written by archaeologist Martha Joukowsky, archaeologist The author has long been engaged in field archeology and has traveled throughout Europe and the United States, the Middle East, the Far East, and coached at New York University. “The Handbook” is a summary of her more than 10 years of work experience. The second chapter of the book entitled “Archeology And environment. ”Environmental archeology in the Chinese archeology has been more and more attention, I hope this article can give archaeologists a new revelation.