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基于野外观测和室内试验相结合的方法,研究了内蒙古典型草原小叶锦鸡儿灌丛化过程对土壤和土壤水文过程的影响,旨在为干旱半干旱区环境保护和恢复提供理论基础。结果表明,斑块尺度上,灌丛斑块土壤有机质和全氮含量分别是草地斑块的1.54倍和1.16倍;灌丛斑块平均沙粒、粉粒和粘粒含量是草地斑块的0.87倍、1.34倍和1.35倍;灌丛斑块土壤容重是草地斑块的0.97倍;灌丛斑块钙积层上表面出现深度是草地斑块的1.27倍。地形等自然条件也是形成土壤异质性的重要因子,坡面尺度上,灌丛和草地斑块土壤有机质、全氮、土壤容重、土壤钙积层上表面出现深度呈自坡顶向坡下方向增加的趋势。染色示踪实验表明,灌丛斑块土壤剖面湿润锋和土壤水分入渗速率分别是草地斑块的1.36倍和5.16倍,草地斑块0~10cm土层对水分的响应较敏感,而灌丛斑块25 cm以下土层对水分的响应较敏感。研究认为,灌丛化过程增强了土壤空间异质性,灌丛斑块能将土壤水分快速输送并存储于深层土壤中,灌丛斑块是土壤养分和水分富集区,灌木植物的定居和发展过程与土壤形态之间形成了正反馈。
Based on the combination of field observations and laboratory experiments, the effects of shrubification processes on soil and soil hydrological processes in Caragana microphylla in Inner Mongolia were studied to provide a theoretical basis for environmental protection and restoration in arid and semiarid regions. The results showed that the content of soil organic matter and total nitrogen in patch soil was 1.54 times and 1.16 times higher than that of grassland patches respectively. The average content of sand, silt and clay in patch was 0.87 1.34 times and 1.35 times respectively. The weight of the soil in the shrub patches was 0.97 times that of the grass patches. The depth of the upper surface of the shrub patches was 1.27 times that of the grass patches. Topography and other natural conditions are also important factors for the formation of soil heterogeneity. On the scale of slope, the soil organic matter, total nitrogen, soil bulk density and the upper surface of calcareous soil layer appear depth from top to bottom Increasing trend. Staining tracing experiments showed that the wetting front and soil water infiltration rate of soil patches in shrub patches were 1.36 times and 5.16 times that of grass patches respectively, and that of 0-10 cm soil layer in grass patches was more sensitive to water, The soil layer below 25 cm is sensitive to moisture. The study suggests that the shrubification process enhances the spatial heterogeneity of soil, the shrub patches can quickly transport and store the soil moisture in the deep soil, and the shrub patches are the soil nutrient and water-rich areas, the shrubs settle and Positive feedback between the development process and soil morphology has been formed.