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唐宋两朝政权与穆斯林群体基本上相互视为可在商业贸易和文化交流方面合作的“伙伴”与“朋友”,和平相处;元明两朝政权以半信半疑的心态对待穆斯林,双方很难将对方视为“伙伴”或“朋友”,至多互相认知为“对手”,在共同的社会环境中共存;清朝政权对伊斯兰教和穆斯林的态度前期与中后期不同,政策上也发生了明显的转变。中后期统治者对穆斯林充满疑虑,处处以防范的心态对待穆斯林。只要不明确对方的意图,双方都将对方视为难以和平相处的“敌人”,作出最坏的考虑。
In the Tang and Song dynasties, the regimes and Muslims basically regarded each other as “partners” and “friends” who could work together in business and cultural exchanges and peace with each other. The Yuan Dynasty and Ming Dynasty regimes treated Muslims in a dubious attitude. Each other as “partners” or “friends”, at most mutual recognition as “opponents” in a common social environment co-exist; Qing regime’s attitude towards Islam and Muslims early and late, policies also took place obvious change. Middle and late rulers are full of doubts about Muslims and are always treating Muslims in a precautionary manner. As long as the intentions of the other side are not clear, both sides will regard the other side as the “enemy” that is difficult to get along with in peace and make the worst consideration.