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一、 原级比较
表示两者在某方面程度相同时,我们使用“as+形容词或副词原级+as+比较对象”结构;表示前者在某方面不及后者时,我们使用“not as /so+形容词或副词原级+as+比较对象”结构。
1. 如果形容词作定语修饰可数名词单数时,不定冠词要放在形容词和名词之间。例如:
Tom is as careful a boy as Mike.
汤姆是和迈克一样认真的男孩。
2. 表达倍数关系时,表示倍数的词应置于“asas”结构之前。例如:
This room is twice as big as that one.
这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。
3. “not so/as as ”可与“lessthan”互换。例如:
这本书不如那本书难。
This book isn’t as /so difficult as that book.
=This book is less difficult than that book.
4. 用形容词还是副词,要看谓语动词,谓语动词是连系动词时用形容词,是实义动词时用副词。例如:
他做作业和她一样认真。
误:He does his homework as careful as her.
正:He does his homework as carefully as her.
二、 比较级比较
1.比较对象要同类:在作比较的时候,比较的对象必须是同类的人或事物。例如:
汤姆的课桌比杰克的旧。
误:Tom’s desk is older than Jack.
正:Tom’s desk is older than Jack’s.
济南的天气比长春的好。
误:The weather in Jinan is better than in Changchun.
正:The weather in Jinan is better than that in Changchun.
2. 比较范围要确定:进行比较时,必须确定比较对象所在的范围,同一范围内比较时,不要出现与自身相比较的矛盾现象。例如:
她比班上的任何一个学生都努力。
误:She studies harder than any student in her class.
正:She studies harder than any other student in her class.
中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。
误:China is larger than any other country in Africa.
正:China is larger than any country in Africa.
3. 比较级前可加程度状语much,still, even, far,a lot,a little,two months,three times,50% 等;但是 very,too,so,quite 等词习惯上不用来修饰比较级。例如:
他比你年轻得多。
误:He is too younger than you.
正:He is much/far younger than you.
4.表示“(两个中)较……的那个”时,比较级前常加the。例如:
This book is the more expensive of the two.
这本书是两本中较贵的。
5.复数名词前的more或fewer不用much修饰,而用many 或far来修饰。例如:
教室里的学生比平时要多得多。
误:There are much more students than usual in the classroom.
正:There are many more students than usual in the classroom.
他犯的错误比以前要少得多。
误:He makes much fewer mistakes than before.
正:He makes far fewer mistakes than before.
三、最高级比较
1. 用形容词或副词的最高级时,一定要有比较的范围。通常我们用in, of, among来引导表示范围的词组。例如:
He is the cleverest in his grade.
他是这个年级中最聪明的。
He is the cleverest of /among the boys .
他是所有男孩中最聪明的。
2. 表示“最……的……之一”,要用“one of +the +形容词最高级+可数名词复数”结构。例如:
Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world.
上海是世界上最大的城市之一。
3.表示“第几……的……”用“ the +序数词+最高级+可数名词单数”结构。例如:
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
黄河是中国第二长河。
4. 形容词最高级前不用the的情况:①作表语的形容词最高级如果不和其他的人或物相比较,只表示自身在不同时间或不同场合的情况时。例如:
The temperature of the surface of the moon is highest at noon and lowest at night.
月球表面的温度中午最高,晚上最低。
②形容词最高级前带有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格或no, every等修饰语时。例如:
Her best friend is Tom.
她最好的朋友是汤姆。
5. most 前加 the 表示最高级,加 a 表示“很,非常”。例如:
This is a most difficult maths problem.
这是一道很难的数学题。
表示两者在某方面程度相同时,我们使用“as+形容词或副词原级+as+比较对象”结构;表示前者在某方面不及后者时,我们使用“not as /so+形容词或副词原级+as+比较对象”结构。
1. 如果形容词作定语修饰可数名词单数时,不定冠词要放在形容词和名词之间。例如:
Tom is as careful a boy as Mike.
汤姆是和迈克一样认真的男孩。
2. 表达倍数关系时,表示倍数的词应置于“asas”结构之前。例如:
This room is twice as big as that one.
这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。
3. “not so/as as ”可与“lessthan”互换。例如:
这本书不如那本书难。
This book isn’t as /so difficult as that book.
=This book is less difficult than that book.
4. 用形容词还是副词,要看谓语动词,谓语动词是连系动词时用形容词,是实义动词时用副词。例如:
他做作业和她一样认真。
误:He does his homework as careful as her.
正:He does his homework as carefully as her.
二、 比较级比较
1.比较对象要同类:在作比较的时候,比较的对象必须是同类的人或事物。例如:
汤姆的课桌比杰克的旧。
误:Tom’s desk is older than Jack.
正:Tom’s desk is older than Jack’s.
济南的天气比长春的好。
误:The weather in Jinan is better than in Changchun.
正:The weather in Jinan is better than that in Changchun.
2. 比较范围要确定:进行比较时,必须确定比较对象所在的范围,同一范围内比较时,不要出现与自身相比较的矛盾现象。例如:
她比班上的任何一个学生都努力。
误:She studies harder than any student in her class.
正:She studies harder than any other student in her class.
中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。
误:China is larger than any other country in Africa.
正:China is larger than any country in Africa.
3. 比较级前可加程度状语much,still, even, far,a lot,a little,two months,three times,50% 等;但是 very,too,so,quite 等词习惯上不用来修饰比较级。例如:
他比你年轻得多。
误:He is too younger than you.
正:He is much/far younger than you.
4.表示“(两个中)较……的那个”时,比较级前常加the。例如:
This book is the more expensive of the two.
这本书是两本中较贵的。
5.复数名词前的more或fewer不用much修饰,而用many 或far来修饰。例如:
教室里的学生比平时要多得多。
误:There are much more students than usual in the classroom.
正:There are many more students than usual in the classroom.
他犯的错误比以前要少得多。
误:He makes much fewer mistakes than before.
正:He makes far fewer mistakes than before.
三、最高级比较
1. 用形容词或副词的最高级时,一定要有比较的范围。通常我们用in, of, among来引导表示范围的词组。例如:
He is the cleverest in his grade.
他是这个年级中最聪明的。
He is the cleverest of /among the boys .
他是所有男孩中最聪明的。
2. 表示“最……的……之一”,要用“one of +the +形容词最高级+可数名词复数”结构。例如:
Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world.
上海是世界上最大的城市之一。
3.表示“第几……的……”用“ the +序数词+最高级+可数名词单数”结构。例如:
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
黄河是中国第二长河。
4. 形容词最高级前不用the的情况:①作表语的形容词最高级如果不和其他的人或物相比较,只表示自身在不同时间或不同场合的情况时。例如:
The temperature of the surface of the moon is highest at noon and lowest at night.
月球表面的温度中午最高,晚上最低。
②形容词最高级前带有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格或no, every等修饰语时。例如:
Her best friend is Tom.
她最好的朋友是汤姆。
5. most 前加 the 表示最高级,加 a 表示“很,非常”。例如:
This is a most difficult maths problem.
这是一道很难的数学题。