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12世纪以前,英国和欧洲大陆其他国家一样,在法律制度方面遵循罗马法,并将其视为制定本国法律的基础。然而从12世纪开始,英国法律与欧陆法律分道扬镳,英国在一段时期以内甚至拒绝罗马法,直到14世纪以后,英国才又开始接受罗马法。本文将从9世纪以后外族入侵,造成英国统一和欧陆分裂,从而使两个地区在法律制度上产生的分歧;诺曼征服后威廉通过土地分封和教会改革,建立了一个与王权接近的教会;亨利二世司法改革,建立王室法庭,引进陪审制,改革令状,奠定了英国普通法形成的基础,从而更进一步脱离了罗马法的束缚。
Before the 12th century, Britain, like other countries in the European continent, followed the Roman law in its legal system and regarded it as the basis for its own lawmaking. However, since the 12th century British law and European law diverged, and Britain even rejected Roman law within a certain period of time. Until the 14th century Britain began to accept Roman law again. After the Norman conquest, William established a church close to the monarchy through land subdivision and church reform. After the Norman conquest, Henry II judicial reform, the establishment of the royal court, the introduction of jury system, the reform of the writs, laid the foundation for the formation of common law in Britain, thus further from the shackles of Roman law.