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为了解极高海拔地区的气候特征和气候变化,2005年8月4日,在喜马拉雅山中段希夏邦马峰达索普冰川(28°23.04′N,85°43.72′E,海拔6900m)架设了一台自动气象站(AWS),对极高海拔地区的气候进行了连续自动观测.探讨了此AWS记录的一整年的观测结果,分析了风向、风速、气温、气压和湿度等指标.分析结果发现:该区自2005年10月10日至2006年4月21日期间受到西风急流的强烈影响,而5～9月受到印度季风的影响.西风急流的季节转换以各气象要素发生突变为特征.受西风急流的影响,研究区冬季风速极高,风速波动剧烈,多大风日.气温和气压波动剧烈,气温的日较差减小而气压的日较差增大.相对湿度和比湿剧减,空气干燥.夏季受印度季风的影响,相对湿度和比湿处于高值状态.此外,还分析了AWS所在位置的再分析资料,结果证实AWS所在位置在2005年10月10日至2006年4月21日期间受到西风急流的强烈影响,西风急流的季节转换是以各气象要素发生突变为特征的观测事实.
To understand the climatic characteristics and climate change in the extremely high altitude region, on the 4th of August 2005, the Dheshpur Glacier (28 ° 23.04’N, 85 ° 43.72’E, elevation 6900m) in the middle of the Himalayas was erected Taiwan AWS (AWS) conducted a continuous and automatic observation of the climate in the extremely high altitude area, and discussed the whole year observation results recorded by this AWS and analyzed the indexes such as wind direction, wind speed, air temperature, air pressure and humidity. It is found that the area was strongly influenced by the westerly jet stream from October 10, 2005 to April 21, 2006 and was affected by the Indian monsoon from May to September. The seasonal transition of the westerly jet stream was characterized by the mutation of each meteorological element Affected by the westerly jet stream, the winter wind speed in the study area is extremely high, the wind speed fluctuates violently and the windy day fluctuates violently, the temperature and the atmospheric pressure fluctuate violently, the daily temperature difference decreases and the atmospheric daily difference increases. Minus, air-dry in the summer by the Indian monsoon, relative humidity and specific humidity at a high value.In addition, the analysis of the location of AWS reanalysis data confirm the location of AWS in the October 10, 2005 to 2006 April 21 by westerly winds The strong influence of the flow, the seasonal conversion of the westerly jet stream, is characterized by the observation that the meteorological elements are mutated.