一、前言世界範圍内的淡水資源緊缺一直是困擾人類社會的重大問題。據預測到2030年,全球用水需求將增長40%,届時全球一半的人口都將面臨淡水資源短缺的威脅。海水淡化作爲淡水資源的開源增量技術,是緩解21世紀水資源緊缺局面的主要手段之一。但是,當前性能最優的商業化反滲透膜的水通量僅是20多年前的1.5~2.0倍,而且進一步降低運行成本的空間已經不大,@已成爲制約海水淡化成本居高不下的瓶頸問 I. Preface The shortage of fresh water resources in the world has always been a major issue disturbing human society. It is predicted that by 2030, global water demand will increase by 40%, when half the world’s population will face the threat of shortage of fresh water resources. Seawater desalination as an open source incremental technology for freshwater resources is one of the major measures to alleviate the shortage of water resources in the 21st century. However, the current optimal performance of commercial RO membranes is only 1.5-2.0 times higher than that of 20 years ago, and there is not much room to further reduce operating costs. It has become a bottleneck restricting the high cost of desalination ask