A Cu-50Cr alloy was treated by the high current pulsed electron beam(HCPEB)at 20 and 30 ke V with pulse numbers ranging from 1 to 100.Surface morphologies and microstructures of specimens before and after the treatments were investigated by employing scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.Results show that the HCPEB technique is able to induce remarkable surface modifications for the Cu-50Cr alloy.Cracks in Cr phases appear even after one-pulse treatment and their density always increases with the pulse number.Formation reason for these cracks is attributed to quasi-static thermal stresses accumulated along the specimen surface.Craters with typical morphologies are formed due to the dynamic thermal field induced by the HCPEB and they are found to prefer the sites near cracks or boundaries between neighboring Cr phases.Another microstructural characteristic produced by the HCPEB is the fine Cr spheroids,which are determined to be due to occurrence of liquid phase separation in the Cu-50Cr alloy.Finally,a general microstructural evolution profile that incorporates various HCPEB-induced surface features is tentatively outlined. A Cu-50Cr alloy was treated by the high current pulsed electron beam (HCPEB) at 20 and 30 ke V with pulse numbers ranging from 1 to 100. Surface morphologies and microstructures of specimens before and after the treatments were investigated by employing scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Results show that the HCPEB technique is able to induce remarkable surface modifications for the Cu-50Cr alloy. Cracks in Cr phases appear even after one-pulse treatment and their density always increases with the pulse number. Reasoning reason for these cracks is attributed to quasi-static thermal sealing formed along the specimen surface. Craters with typical morphologies are formed to the dynamic thermal field by the HCPEB and they are found to prefer the sites near cracks or boundaries between neighboring chromium phases. microstructural characteristic produced by the HCPEB is the fine Cr spheroids, which are determined to be due to occurrence of liquid phase separation in the Cu-50Cr alloy. Full, a general microstructural evolution profile that incorporates various HCPEB-induced surface features is tentatively outlined.