一、卡夫卡小说中的死亡意识奥地利小说家弗兰茨·卡夫卡被誉为西方现代主义文学先驱,身处奥匈帝国行将就木的时代。深受尼采、道家和弗洛伊德的哲学影响,善于表现被荒诞现实所孤立的苦难者形象从而传达现代人的困惑。其小说中主人公充盈着浓厚的死亡意识,选择其独有的方式抗拒并消解外在权威与压力,言说荒诞和无奈的生命存在,从而引发读者对现代人生存境遇的现实思考。言说死亡及其生命终极价值是永恒文学命题,也是卡 First, the sense of death in Kafka’s novels Franz Kafka, the Austrian novelist, is regarded as the pioneer of western modernism literature, living in the age of Austro-Hungarian Empire. Deeply influenced by the philosophies of Nietzsche, Taoism and Freud, he is adept at expressing the image of the misery isolated by absurd reality and thus conveying the confusion of the present age. In his novels, the protagonist filled with a strong sense of death, chose his own unique way to resist and dissolve the external authority and pressure, absurd and helpless life, which led to readers’ realistic thinking on the existence of modern people. Saying the ultimate value of death and its life is eternal literary proposition, but also a card