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（1）
When John Milton， writer of “Paradise Lost”， entered Cambridge University in 1625， he was already skilled in Latin after seven years of studying it as his second language at St. Paul’s School， London. Like all English boys who prepared for college in grammar schools， he had learned not only to read Latin but also to speak and write it smoothly and correctly. His pronunciation of Latin was English， however， and seemed to have sounded strange to his friends when he later visited Italy.
Schoolboys gained their skill in Latin in a bitter way. They kept in mind the rules to make learning by heart easier. They first made a word-for-word translation and then an idiomatic translation into English. As they increased their skill， they translated their English back into Latin without referring to the book and then compared their translation with the original（原文）. The schoolmaster was always at hand to encourage them. All schoolmasters believed Latin should be beaten in.
After several years of study， the boys began to write compositions in imitation （模仿） of the Latin writers they had read. And as they began to read Latin poems， they began to write poems in Latin. Because Milton was already a poet at ten， his poems were much better than those painfully put together by other boys. During the seven years Milton spent at university， he made regular use of his command of Latin. He wrote some excellent Latin poems， which he published among his works in 1645.
（ ）1. What does the passage mainly tell about？
A. How John Milton wrote “Paradise Lost”.
B. How John Milton studied Latin.
C. How John Milton became famous.
D. How John Milton became a poet.
（ ）2. Which of the following is true of John Milton’s pronunciation of Latin？
A. It had a strong Italian accent.
B. It had an uncommon accent.
C. It was natural and easy to understand.
D. It was bad and difficult to understand.
（ ）3. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A. Milton’s training in Latin was similar to that of the other boys
B. Milton hadn’t learned any foreign language except Latin before going to college
C. Milton’s Italian friends helped him with Latin when talking
D. Milton’s classmates learned Latin harder but worse than Milton
（ ）4. Which of the following is suggested in the passage？ A. The schoolmaster mainly helped those who were bad at Latin.
B. The schoolmaster usually stood beside the schoolboys with a stick in his hand.
C. The schoolboys could repeat Latin grammar rules from memory.
D. Some of the schoolboys were quick at writing compositions in Latin.
（ ）5. What is the meaning of “Latin should be beaten in” that the writer wishes you to understand？
A. Schoolboys should be punished if they were lazy to learn Latin.
B. Schoolboys should be encouraged if they had difficulty in learning Latin.
C. Schoolboys were expected to master Latin in a short time.
D. Schoolboys had to study Latin in a hard way.
（2）
Reducing the use of cars during rush hours will make the environment more livable. Unfortunately， our present living and working environments encourage the use of cars. But， the car is taking us down the road in lower quality air. The exhaust （废气） from cars：
—damaging the earth’s protective ozone layer and helping to cause the global warming;
—causes as much as 50% of the smog-producing compounds and chemical rain in our atmosphere;
—causes 60% of the carbon monoxide in our atmosphere;
When you consider that the average person breathes in 9，000 quarts of air a day， you realize how important clean air is to human beings.
The government has spent billions of dollars to control car pollution. Yet， some big cities are still in violation（侵害） of public health standards that protect people from breathing poisonous air. The health care costs related to unclean air are huge.
The traditional way of cleaning up what comes out of tailpipes has not done the job of getting rid of automobile emissions （散发物）. Yet， today’s cars produce far less pollution than models from the 1960s. But there are now almost 51 million more cars on the road than there were in 1960， and drivers are travelling many more miles. As a result， cars are still the single largest source of city pollution today.
If we are going to achieve clean air， we need to discourage car use by individuals， especially during rush driving hours.
At the same time we reduce car use， we must also improve our public transportation system. If going to and from work by public transportation was convenient and cheap， people would use the system instead of using cars to drive to work.
Yet， it will cost money to improve our public transportation system. But we now spend billions each year in controlling car emissions without much success. Giving some of that money to public transportation would be a small price to pay for cleanest air. Unless we do something to reduce car use and get people to use public transportation， our love affair with the car will be the death of our environment.
（ ）6. What is the main idea of the passage？
A. Car use needs to be discouraged.
B. Clean air is only possible if we reduce car use during rush hours.
C. Car use is causing problems with the ozone layer creating poisonous gases.
D. The government spent billions of dollars controlling the pollution coming from cars.
（ ）7. Which of the following best supports the author’s main idea？
A. Cars are still the single largest source of city pollution today.
B. The emissions from cars are causing problems with the ozone layer.
C. The average person breathes in 9，000 quarts of air a day， which makes clean air important.
D. Cleaning up car emissions has not been successful using the current laws and regulations.
（ ）8. Which of the following would the author most likely agree with？
A. Cars are the single most serious cause of air pollution.
B. Public transportation is a possible replacement for car use.
C. We need to improve our method of cleaning up air pollution.
D. Cars can be a major cause of air pollution during rush driving hours.
（ ）9. What does the phrase “love affair with the car” mean？
A. People love their cars.
B. People love to buy large comfortable cars.
C. We have been dependent on cars since they were first introduced.
D. It is important for people to drive when and where they want.
When John Milton， writer of “Paradise Lost”， entered Cambridge University in 1625， he was already skilled in Latin after seven years of studying it as his second language at St. Paul’s School， London. Like all English boys who prepared for college in grammar schools， he had learned not only to read Latin but also to speak and write it smoothly and correctly. His pronunciation of Latin was English， however， and seemed to have sounded strange to his friends when he later visited Italy.
Schoolboys gained their skill in Latin in a bitter way. They kept in mind the rules to make learning by heart easier. They first made a word-for-word translation and then an idiomatic translation into English. As they increased their skill， they translated their English back into Latin without referring to the book and then compared their translation with the original（原文）. The schoolmaster was always at hand to encourage them. All schoolmasters believed Latin should be beaten in.
After several years of study， the boys began to write compositions in imitation （模仿） of the Latin writers they had read. And as they began to read Latin poems， they began to write poems in Latin. Because Milton was already a poet at ten， his poems were much better than those painfully put together by other boys. During the seven years Milton spent at university， he made regular use of his command of Latin. He wrote some excellent Latin poems， which he published among his works in 1645.
（ ）1. What does the passage mainly tell about？
A. How John Milton wrote “Paradise Lost”.
B. How John Milton studied Latin.
C. How John Milton became famous.
D. How John Milton became a poet.
（ ）2. Which of the following is true of John Milton’s pronunciation of Latin？
A. It had a strong Italian accent.
B. It had an uncommon accent.
C. It was natural and easy to understand.
D. It was bad and difficult to understand.
（ ）3. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A. Milton’s training in Latin was similar to that of the other boys
B. Milton hadn’t learned any foreign language except Latin before going to college
C. Milton’s Italian friends helped him with Latin when talking
D. Milton’s classmates learned Latin harder but worse than Milton
（ ）4. Which of the following is suggested in the passage？ A. The schoolmaster mainly helped those who were bad at Latin.
B. The schoolmaster usually stood beside the schoolboys with a stick in his hand.
C. The schoolboys could repeat Latin grammar rules from memory.
D. Some of the schoolboys were quick at writing compositions in Latin.
（ ）5. What is the meaning of “Latin should be beaten in” that the writer wishes you to understand？
A. Schoolboys should be punished if they were lazy to learn Latin.
B. Schoolboys should be encouraged if they had difficulty in learning Latin.
C. Schoolboys were expected to master Latin in a short time.
D. Schoolboys had to study Latin in a hard way.
（2）
Reducing the use of cars during rush hours will make the environment more livable. Unfortunately， our present living and working environments encourage the use of cars. But， the car is taking us down the road in lower quality air. The exhaust （废气） from cars：
—damaging the earth’s protective ozone layer and helping to cause the global warming;
—causes as much as 50% of the smog-producing compounds and chemical rain in our atmosphere;
—causes 60% of the carbon monoxide in our atmosphere;
When you consider that the average person breathes in 9，000 quarts of air a day， you realize how important clean air is to human beings.
The government has spent billions of dollars to control car pollution. Yet， some big cities are still in violation（侵害） of public health standards that protect people from breathing poisonous air. The health care costs related to unclean air are huge.
The traditional way of cleaning up what comes out of tailpipes has not done the job of getting rid of automobile emissions （散发物）. Yet， today’s cars produce far less pollution than models from the 1960s. But there are now almost 51 million more cars on the road than there were in 1960， and drivers are travelling many more miles. As a result， cars are still the single largest source of city pollution today.
If we are going to achieve clean air， we need to discourage car use by individuals， especially during rush driving hours.
At the same time we reduce car use， we must also improve our public transportation system. If going to and from work by public transportation was convenient and cheap， people would use the system instead of using cars to drive to work.
Yet， it will cost money to improve our public transportation system. But we now spend billions each year in controlling car emissions without much success. Giving some of that money to public transportation would be a small price to pay for cleanest air. Unless we do something to reduce car use and get people to use public transportation， our love affair with the car will be the death of our environment.
（ ）6. What is the main idea of the passage？
A. Car use needs to be discouraged.
B. Clean air is only possible if we reduce car use during rush hours.
C. Car use is causing problems with the ozone layer creating poisonous gases.
D. The government spent billions of dollars controlling the pollution coming from cars.
（ ）7. Which of the following best supports the author’s main idea？
A. Cars are still the single largest source of city pollution today.
B. The emissions from cars are causing problems with the ozone layer.
C. The average person breathes in 9，000 quarts of air a day， which makes clean air important.
D. Cleaning up car emissions has not been successful using the current laws and regulations.
（ ）8. Which of the following would the author most likely agree with？
A. Cars are the single most serious cause of air pollution.
B. Public transportation is a possible replacement for car use.
C. We need to improve our method of cleaning up air pollution.
D. Cars can be a major cause of air pollution during rush driving hours.
（ ）9. What does the phrase “love affair with the car” mean？
A. People love their cars.
B. People love to buy large comfortable cars.
C. We have been dependent on cars since they were first introduced.
D. It is important for people to drive when and where they want.