目的 探讨自身免疫性中枢神经系统脱髓鞘疾病慢性型的病理点及其临床意义。方法 建立猴实验性变态反应性脑脊髓炎（EAE）模型,于首次发病后4年进行病理取材和电镜观察。结果　①活动性病灶内轴突病变十分突出,其形式包括有空泡样变性、皱缩或消失,此外也可见到成片的髓鞘松解、断裂或融合,以及少突胶质细胞变性,见散在巨噬细胞;②可疑活动性病灶内轴突病变程度稍轻,以空泡样变为主,轴突完全消失及皱缩则少见,部分髓鞘内板松解,亦有少突胶质细胞变性,散在巨噬细胞。结论 慢性EAE的病理改变同时存在髓鞘与轴突的变性,多发性硬化后期不可逆的功能障碍可能与后者有着更大的相关。 Objective To investigate the chronic pathological type of demyelinating diseases of autoimmune central nervous system and its clinical significance. Methods Experimental monkey model of allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was established. Pathological examination and electron microscopy were performed 4 years after the first onset. Results ① The axonal lesions in the active lesion were very prominent. The forms included vacuolar degeneration, shrinkage or disappearance. In addition, the release, fragmentation, or fusion of the myelin sheath and the degeneration of oligodendrocytes were also observed. See scattered in macrophages; ② suspicious activity lesion lesion within the lesser degree to empty vacuole-like changes, axons completely disappear and shrinkage is rare, part of myelin inner plate release, but also oligodendrocyte Stromal cell degeneration, scattered in macrophages. Conclusion The pathological changes of chronic EAE have the degeneration of myelin and axon at the same time. The irreversible dysfunction in the later stage of multiple sclerosis may have a greater correlation with the latter.