本文以当前中国改革开放突进、深层矛盾凸显的社会转型期为背景,首次将该时期出现的贫困、公平分配、弱势群体等一系列问题归结到穷人问题中,以穷人问题作为主线,从西方经济学的理论中收集、整理相关资料,对西方经济学各流派有关穷人问题的理论进行梳理和研究,并发现,西方经济学各学派有关穷人问题的某些理论观点和实践经验对我国有一定的启示,可以合理借鉴,如公平和谐的分配理念、社会福利制度的构建,以及非政府组织的慈善作用等。 Based on the current social transitional period in which China’s reform and opening up is steep and its deep contradictions are prominent, this article first lists a series of problems such as poverty, fair distribution and disadvantaged groups appearing in this period to the poor, with the poor as the main line and from the perspective of the western economy In the theory of learning, the author collects and organizes the relevant materials to sort out and study the theories about the poor in all schools of Western economics and finds that some theoretical opinions and practical experiences about the poor in all schools of Western economics have certain Enlightenment can be reasoned, such as the concept of fair and harmonious distribution, the establishment of the social welfare system, and the charitable role of non-governmental organizations.