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(一)本试验是在保定进行的,枣萌芽后定期采芽固定切片,观察形态分化特点。另有早春移栽树,掰芽子,摘心,摘叶等辅助试验,以便决定枣花芽分化的特点。 (二)枣花芽分化过程,从形态上可分为六个时期,即未分化期,分化期,萼片期,花瓣期,雄蕊期及雌蕊期。当枣吊幼芽长0.2—0.3厘米时,花芽分化期已开始,待达1厘米以上时,花器的各个部分已形成,性器官在进一步分化,此时在枣吊叶腋间,可看到明显的突起。当在外形上看清花蕾的原形时,性器官已分化完了。 (三)枣花芽分化是从早春萌芽后开始,随生长不断出现新的花芽原始体,并加深已出现芽的分化程度,直至停止生长为止。枣吊,枣头的花芽是由下向上陆续分化的。一花序内则先中心花,后侧花再副侧花顺序进行,先分化的花芽先开花。 (四)枣的花芽当年萌发,当年分化,多次分化,并有分化期短及分化速度快等特点,如一单花分化需7天左右,一花序为7—20天,一枣吊的分化历时约1个月左右,单株分化则达2—3个月之久。 (五)掰芽后平均经6天萌芽(5—14天),26天开花(21—32天),前期可获得成熟果实,后期处理则只开花,很少座果,晚期则不能萌发,连续掰芽反应不好。 (六)枣花芽分化需要营养物质,若营养不良,可影响花芽的质量。如早春移栽树不能开花结果,摘心后可提高花芽质量,摘叶后则对花芽分化不利。
(A) The test is carried out in Baoding, jujube sprout buds regularly fixed sections, observe the morphological characteristics of differentiation. Another early spring transplanted trees, breaking buds, topping, picking leaves and other auxiliary tests in order to determine the characteristics of jujube flower bud differentiation. (B) jujube flower bud differentiation process, from the morphological can be divided into six periods, namely, undifferentiated, differentiated, sepal, petal, stamen and pistil period. When the jujube hanging buds 0.2-0.3 cm long, the flower bud differentiation has begun, to be more than 1 cm, the various parts of the flower has been formed, the sex organs in the further differentiation, this time in the jujube leaf axillary, you can see the obvious Prominent. When you look at the shape of flower buds prototype, the sex organs have been divided over. (C) jujube flower bud differentiation is from the early spring after germination, new flower buds continue to appear with the growth of the original body, and deepen the bud has been differentiated until the growth stops. Jujube hanging, jujube flower buds are gradually from the next upwards. Within an inflorescence then the center of the flower, the flowers on the back and then the secondary flowers in order, the first differentiation of the first flowering flowers. (D) jujube flower germination year, the year of differentiation, multiple differentiation, and the differentiation of the short and rapid differentiation and other characteristics, such as a single flower need about 7 days, an inflorescence of 7-20 days, a hanging hanging differentiation About 1 month or so, single plant differentiation is up to 2-3 months. (5) After breaking the buds, germination (5-14 days) and flowering (21-32 days) on the 6th day on average, mature fruits can be obtained in the early stage, flowering only in the latter stage and rarely in the late stage, Continuous breaking bud reaction is not good. (F) jujube flower bud differentiation needs nutrients, if malnutrition, flower buds can affect the quality. Such as early spring transplanted trees can not flowering results, topping can improve the quality of flower buds, pick leaves after the unfavorable flower bud differentiation.