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众所周知，在高考中，英语要想得高分，作文分不可小觑，那么我们怎样才能提高自己的作文分呢？高级语法，高级词汇我们一定要用，而今天我就怎么用高级语法中的定语从句来谈谈自己的一点做法。
1. 如何把我们初中写的两个简单句变成一个定语从句？（条件是前后两个简单句必须共用一个名词）
翻译：我住在枣阳，枣阳是个好地方。
I live in Zaoyang. Zaoyang is an excellent city. 把上面两个句子改成一个定语从句：I live in Zaoyang which is an excellent city.
再看两个句子：
I live in Zaoyang. Nie Haisheng was born in Zaoyang.
把上面两个句子改成一个定语从句：I live in Zaoyang where Nie Haisheng was born.
那么上面两个定语从句中都共用了Zaoyang，为什么一个用了“which”，一个用了“where”呢？原因在于：第一个定语从句中共用的“枣阳”在从句中做了主语，所以要用关系代词which（指物）。在定语从句中关系代词还有：who（指人做主语或宾语） whom（指人做宾语） that（既可指人又可指物） which（指物） whose（谁的） as（通常指代一个句子）。
定语从句中的关系代词有且只有上面7个，也就是说共用的名词在从句中做主语、宾语、表语就用关系代词，而第二个定语从句中，Zaoyang在从句中做了地点状语，所以用关系副词，在定语从句中关系副词有且只有三个：when（表时间） where（表地点） why（表原因）。也就是说共用的名词在从句中不做主语、宾语、表语就用关系副词。
2. 介词+关系代词的定语从句（不能用that）
翻译：那位老人是位教授。我们从他身上学到了很多。
That old man is a professor. We learnt a lot from the professor.
改成定语从句：That old man is a professor from whom we learned a lot.
翻译：这个小女孩正在读一本书。在这本书里有许多的卡通。
The little girl is reading a book. There are many cartoons in the book.
改成定语从句：The little girl is reading a book，in which there are many cartoons.
上面的定语从句为什么一个用介词from，一个用介词in呢？其实介词+关系代词的定语从句用哪一个介词，要看：（1） 这个介词和从句的谓语动词有无固定搭配，如第一句learn from。（2） 这个介词与先行名词（也就是共用的那个名词）有無固定搭配，如第二句in the book。
高考试卷中的此类定语从句的例子：
We live in an age during which more information is available with great ease than ever before.
There is no month in the whole year in which nature wears a more beautiful appearance than in the month of August.
3. the+名词+of which/whom=of which/whom the+名词
“……的”=whose+名词。例如：In front of us stands an old tall tower，whose top has been blown up. （whose top=the top of which=of which the top） 此句同时也是个全倒装句型。
4. “as”的定语从句
例如：Taiwan， as is known to us/as we all know，is an inseparable part of China.
English，as we all know， is not easy to learn.
As is mentioned above， this book is written by a famous person in USA.
5. The reason why+句子 is that+句子
例如：The reason why I was late was that the traffic was heavy.
The reason that/which he explained was that the traffic was heavy.
作文中的优美句型：The reason why more and more people study English is that English is the mandarin all over the world.
One of the reasons why people get away with so much lying， your research suggests， is that we are all essentially dupes.
6. 部分与整体关系的定语从句：分数/百分数+of which/whom
例如：I have two brothers. One of them works in America.
改成定语从句：I have two brothers，one of whom works in America.
高考作文优美句子：I have industriousness and endurance，both of which are necessary qualities for volunteering.
We’ll enjoy dumplings and moon cakes，both of which are typical food of China.
7. 还有一类定语从句
She is one of the teachers who were praised on Teacher’s Day.
She is the （only） one of the girls who doesn’t pass the exam.
注意区分上面两个从句中谓语动词的区别，一个是原型，一个是单数第三人称。
以上七种定语从句，希望学生们在同一篇作文中千万不要同时使用一种定语从句，要使句式多样化，才能得高分。当然，为了使作文得高分，我们也要学会用其他高级语法，并且要注意平时在阅读中遇到好的句式和高级词汇要多多积累。
（作者单位：湖北枣阳第二中学）
1. 如何把我们初中写的两个简单句变成一个定语从句？（条件是前后两个简单句必须共用一个名词）
翻译：我住在枣阳，枣阳是个好地方。
I live in Zaoyang. Zaoyang is an excellent city. 把上面两个句子改成一个定语从句：I live in Zaoyang which is an excellent city.
再看两个句子：
I live in Zaoyang. Nie Haisheng was born in Zaoyang.
把上面两个句子改成一个定语从句：I live in Zaoyang where Nie Haisheng was born.
那么上面两个定语从句中都共用了Zaoyang，为什么一个用了“which”，一个用了“where”呢？原因在于：第一个定语从句中共用的“枣阳”在从句中做了主语，所以要用关系代词which（指物）。在定语从句中关系代词还有：who（指人做主语或宾语） whom（指人做宾语） that（既可指人又可指物） which（指物） whose（谁的） as（通常指代一个句子）。
定语从句中的关系代词有且只有上面7个，也就是说共用的名词在从句中做主语、宾语、表语就用关系代词，而第二个定语从句中，Zaoyang在从句中做了地点状语，所以用关系副词，在定语从句中关系副词有且只有三个：when（表时间） where（表地点） why（表原因）。也就是说共用的名词在从句中不做主语、宾语、表语就用关系副词。
2. 介词+关系代词的定语从句（不能用that）
翻译：那位老人是位教授。我们从他身上学到了很多。
That old man is a professor. We learnt a lot from the professor.
改成定语从句：That old man is a professor from whom we learned a lot.
翻译：这个小女孩正在读一本书。在这本书里有许多的卡通。
The little girl is reading a book. There are many cartoons in the book.
改成定语从句：The little girl is reading a book，in which there are many cartoons.
上面的定语从句为什么一个用介词from，一个用介词in呢？其实介词+关系代词的定语从句用哪一个介词，要看：（1） 这个介词和从句的谓语动词有无固定搭配，如第一句learn from。（2） 这个介词与先行名词（也就是共用的那个名词）有無固定搭配，如第二句in the book。
高考试卷中的此类定语从句的例子：
We live in an age during which more information is available with great ease than ever before.
There is no month in the whole year in which nature wears a more beautiful appearance than in the month of August.
3. the+名词+of which/whom=of which/whom the+名词
“……的”=whose+名词。例如：In front of us stands an old tall tower，whose top has been blown up. （whose top=the top of which=of which the top） 此句同时也是个全倒装句型。
4. “as”的定语从句
例如：Taiwan， as is known to us/as we all know，is an inseparable part of China.
English，as we all know， is not easy to learn.
As is mentioned above， this book is written by a famous person in USA.
5. The reason why+句子 is that+句子
例如：The reason why I was late was that the traffic was heavy.
The reason that/which he explained was that the traffic was heavy.
作文中的优美句型：The reason why more and more people study English is that English is the mandarin all over the world.
One of the reasons why people get away with so much lying， your research suggests， is that we are all essentially dupes.
6. 部分与整体关系的定语从句：分数/百分数+of which/whom
例如：I have two brothers. One of them works in America.
改成定语从句：I have two brothers，one of whom works in America.
高考作文优美句子：I have industriousness and endurance，both of which are necessary qualities for volunteering.
We’ll enjoy dumplings and moon cakes，both of which are typical food of China.
7. 还有一类定语从句
She is one of the teachers who were praised on Teacher’s Day.
She is the （only） one of the girls who doesn’t pass the exam.
注意区分上面两个从句中谓语动词的区别，一个是原型，一个是单数第三人称。
以上七种定语从句，希望学生们在同一篇作文中千万不要同时使用一种定语从句，要使句式多样化，才能得高分。当然，为了使作文得高分，我们也要学会用其他高级语法，并且要注意平时在阅读中遇到好的句式和高级词汇要多多积累。
（作者单位：湖北枣阳第二中学）