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“七五”以来,黄土高原水土保持研究取得了重大进展。所建立的小流域农业高效生态经济系统,通过系统内外能量强化投入和土地利用结构优化,实现了泥沙流失量大幅度减少,粮食超常速增长和农民收入成倍增加的新局面。这些研究还取得若干重要科学结论:(1)黄士高原粮食生产有可能在短期内实现大幅度超常速增长,实现粮食自给有余。构成当前粮食产量提高的主导因素是养分。首要措施是成倍增加以化肥为主的养分投入。(2)苹果经济林成为黄土高原的新兴产业,表明林草植被建设进入到生态、经济效益同步实现的新阶段。植被建设要严格遵循生态规律性。(3)人类活动对植被大规模的破坏和垦荒是加速现代土壤侵蚀和增加入黄泥沙的主要因素。
Since the Seventh Five-Year Plan, great progress has been made in soil and water conservation research on the Loess Plateau. The established eco-efficient agricultural eco-economic system in small watershed has realized a new situation of drastic reduction of sediment loss, extraordinary growth of grain and multiplication of farmer’s income by strengthening energy input and optimization of land use both inside and outside the system. These studies also made a number of important scientific conclusions: (1) It is possible that the grain production on the Huangshi Plateau will achieve substantial and extraordinary rapid growth in the short term and achieve self-sufficiency in grain. The main factor that constitutes the current increase in food production is nutrients. The first measure is to multiply the fertilizer-based nutrient input. (2) The economic forest of apple has become a new industry in the Loess Plateau, indicating that the construction of forest and grass vegetation has entered a new phase in which the ecological and economic benefits are realized simultaneously. Vegetation construction should strictly follow the laws of ecology. (3) The large-scale destruction and reclamation of vegetation by human activities are the main factors that accelerate the erosion of modern soil and increase the sediment into the Yellow River.