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【目的】了解中国西部部分地区儿童计划免疫现状,为儿童计划免疫工作的实施和改进提供依据。【方法】采用横断面研究和多阶段抽样,通过问卷调查及抄录预防接种证信息的方法,调查了西部14个县1 159名12～23月龄儿童的基本情况和免疫接种情况。【结果】调查地区儿童卡介苗、乙肝疫苗首针、乙肝疫苗三针、脊髓灰质炎疫苗三剂、百白破疫苗三针、麻疹疫苗首针和五苗全程接种合格率分别为38.6%、68.4%、34.8%、32.6%、38.5%、25.0%和2.4%。接种次数合格率分别为97.1%、99.2%、93.5%、94.4%、92.6%、54.2%和47.7%。住院分娩率和24h内乙肝疫苗首针接种率以及卡介苗接种率存在正相关,但两种疫苗的接种率和住院分娩率仍有差距。【结论】调查地区儿童免疫接种及时性较差,住院分娩儿童24h内免疫接种状况有待提高。
【Objective】 To understand the status quo of children’s plan immunization in some areas in western part of China and provide the basis for the implementation and improvement of children’s plan immunization. 【Method】 The cross-sectional study and multistage sampling were used to investigate the basic situation and immunization status of 1,159 children aged 12 to 23 months in 14 western counties through questionnaire and transcript information. 【Results】 The results showed that the prevalence of BCG vaccination, hepatitis A vaccine, hepatitis B vaccine, three doses of poliomyelitis vaccine and three doses of Baipi broken vaccine were 38.6%, 68.4% , 34.8%, 32.6%, 38.5%, 25.0% and 2.4% respectively. The pass rate of inoculation was 97.1%, 99.2%, 93.5%, 94.4%, 92.6%, 54.2% and 47.7% respectively. There was a positive correlation between hospital delivery rate and the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine and BCG vaccination rate within 24 hours, but there was still a gap between the vaccination rates of two vaccines and hospital delivery rate. 【Conclusion】 The timeliness of immunization among children in the surveyed area is poor. Immunization status of children within 24 hours after inpatient delivery needs to be improved.