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胡椒属(Piper L.)作为胡椒科(Piperaceae)中遍布于热带地区的重要作物,含有近2 000个植物种类,目前集中分布于南亚、南美洲和中美洲。胡椒属内极高的物种多样性在传统的木兰亚纲(Magnoliidae)中显得尤为独特,为基部被子植物(Basal angiosperms)分化速率加快的机理研究提供了一个很好的例子;同时,属内还含有众多具有重要经济价值的香料作物和民族植物种类,如胡椒(Piper nigrum)和蒌叶(P.betle)等。因其具有重要的学术研究价值和经济利用价值,许多研究者一直致力于揭示其属内分子系统关系、栽培品种的遗传相似性和指纹图谱、特有物种的遗传分布特征等。本文就过去几十年胡椒属的分子系统学和遗传多样性研究进行了系统总结。目前胡椒属在胡椒科中的系统地位已经确认;胡椒属内的分子分类学框架已经基本建立;一些重要栽培品种的遗传多样性和鉴定也已明确。但仍存在一些亟待解决的问题:(1)胡椒属内的分类系统仍显粗糙,需进一步细化研究;(2)胡椒种质资源的指纹图谱库尚未建立;(3)一些特有和珍稀种类的种群遗传特征研究未得到足够重视。
Piper L., an important crop throughout the tropics in the Piperaceae, contains nearly 2,000 plant species and is currently concentrated in South Asia, South America and Central America. The extremely high species diversity within the genus Pepper is particularly distinctive in the traditional Magnoliidae and provides a good example of a mechanism for accelerating the rate of basal angiosperms. At the same time, It contains many spice crops and ethnic plant species of great economic importance, such as Piper nigrum and P.betle. Because of its important academic value and economic value, many researchers have been devoted to revealing their molecular relationships within the system, the genetic similarity of cultivars and fingerprints, the genetic distribution of endemic species and so on. In this paper, we systematically summarize the molecular systematics and genetic diversity of Capsicum in the past few decades. At present, the systematic status of pepper in the family of peppers has been confirmed. The molecular taxonomy framework within pepper genus has been basically established. The genetic diversity and identification of some important cultivars have also been clarified. However, there are still some urgent problems to be solved: (1) the taxonomy within the genus Pepper is still rough, and further research is needed; (2) the fingerprint database of the pepper germplasm has not been established yet; (3) some endemic and rare species The population genetic characteristics of the study has not been given enough attention.