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The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) surface reflectance data were used to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of water clarity ( Z sd ) in the Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, China, in the Yellow Sea from 2000 to 2018. Z sd retrieval models were regionally optimized using in-situ data with coincident MODIS images, and then were used to retrieve the Z sd products in Jiaozhou Bay from 2000–2018. The analysis of the Z sd results suggests that the spatial distribution of relative Z sd spatial characteristics in Jiaozhou Bay was stable, being higher Z sd in the southeast and a lower Z sd in the northwest. The annual mean Z sd in Jiaozhou Bay showed a significant upward trend, with an annual increase of approximately 0.02 m. Water depth and wind speed were important factors affecting the spatial distribution and annual variation of Z sd in Jiaozhou Bay, respectively.