社会主义起自对资本主义的反叛。资产阶级认为,人只有在个人劳动的全部报酬得到保障并处于竞争的条件下,才能发挥其最大的才能,创造出最好的成绩。社会主义者认为:人不仅在物质方面,而且在文化与精神方面都必需相互依存,相互帮助,以发展各自的聪明才智,学会各种技能。从本质上说,人是社会的人。社会主义者反对资产阶级把人的本性说成是追求私利。他们认为,竞争是对人力和资源的浪费,竞争与人的真实本性不符;相反,合作则能促进一致与“和协”,能发展人的社会本性。人是有理性的,人应该有意识地掌握自己的命运。社会主义者强调计划,但只在方式与程度上有所不同。他们主张民主制,只是在方式上意见不一致。 Socialism is a rebel against capitalism. The bourgeoisie believes that only when the full remuneration of individual labor is guaranteed and under competitive conditions can one perform his best and create the best possible result. Socialists believe that people must be interdependent and help each other not only in material but cultural aspects as well as in spirit, in order to develop their individual talents and learn various skills. In essence, people are social people. Socialists oppose the bourgeoisie as saying that human nature is the pursuit of self-interest. In their opinion, competition is a waste of manpower and resources, and competition does not match the true nature of human beings. On the contrary, cooperation can promote unification and “peacemaking” and develop the social nature of human beings. People are rational, people should consciously grasp their own destiny. Socialists emphasize plans, but only differ in the way and extent. They advocate democracy, they just have different ways of thinking.