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目的 对控制和消灭白喉的效果进行评价 ,指导防治工作实践。方法 对开平市 195 1年以来的白喉疫情、预防接种和免疫监测资料进行分析。结果 自实施白喉类毒素制剂 (下称白类 )接种以来 ,特别是 1978年开始实施计划免疫以后 ,白类的预防接种率、免疫成功率和人群免疫抗体阳性率 (保护率 )不断提高 ,到目前呈稳定状态 ,分别保持在 92 86 %～ 10 0 %之间 ,白喉发病率和死亡率呈直线下降 ,年均发病率和死亡率由疫苗推广前期的 5 96 / 10万和 0 76 / 10万下降到 1978年只有 1例 ,1979年至今 ,已连续 2 3年无白喉病例发生 ,达到了控制发病以致基本消灭白喉的水平。结论 白类疫苗预防接种效果良好 ,今后要继续做好儿童的基础免疫和加强免疫 ,建议制订成人加强免疫程序 ,严防≥ 15岁人群发病。
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of control and elimination of diphtheria and guide its prevention and control practice. Methods The diphtheria diphtheria epidemic, vaccination and immunization monitoring data from 1995 to 2001 in Kaiping City were analyzed. Results Since the vaccination of diphtheria toxoid (hereinafter referred to as “white”), especially after the start of planned immunization in 1978, the white immunization rate, immunization success rate and population immunization antibody positive rate (protection rate) Currently, it is stable at 92 86% -100% respectively. The incidence and mortality of diphtheria are decreasing linearly. The average annual incidence and mortality rate of the vaccine are 59 96/10 million and 76 76 Only one case went down from 1978 to 1979, and since 1979, no diphtheria cases have been reported for 23 consecutive years and the incidence of diphtheria was basically eliminated after the onset of control. Conclusions The vaccination against white vaccines is effective. In the future, it is necessary to continue basic immunization and immunization in children. It is suggested that adults should be given a step-by-step procedure to guard against the onset of the disease in people over 15 years of age.