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目的:了解南宁地区轮状病毒腹泻感染情况以及接种口服轮状病毒活疫苗在疾病预防和保护性方面的作用。方法:采集腹泻患儿的新鲜粪便标本,采用A群轮状病毒诊断试剂盒,对南宁市妇幼保健院儿科门诊、急诊和住院部5岁以下腹泻患儿4171例的粪便标本进行A群轮状病毒抗原检测,将其中1996例住院腹泻患儿分为疫苗组和非疫苗组,比较其轮状病毒腹泻发病情况、平均患病时间、并发症及严重病例发生率。结果:轮状病毒检出率以秋冬季节最高,4年总检出率无显著性差异(P>0.05),但与2008～2010年相比,2011年检出率呈下降趋势。4 171例腹泻患儿中检出1 337例A群轮状病毒阳性标本,总检出率32.05%。各年龄段阳性率构成比为:0～3岁为97.24%,>3岁为2.76%(P<0.01),其中0～6月龄为4.79%,以6月龄～3岁为A群轮状病毒感染的高发年龄。1996例住院腹泻患儿中,疫苗组轮状病毒检出率9.61%,非疫苗组检出率40.26%(P<0.01),两组平均患病时间、并发症及严重病例发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:南宁地区婴幼儿轮状病毒腹泻检出率近4年呈下降趋势,秋冬季节为高发期;6月龄～3岁婴幼儿是轮状病毒感染的高危人群,接种口服轮状病毒活疫苗可以预防轮状病毒感染及控制重症腹泻,发展疫苗成为控制该病的主要手段。
Objective: To understand the status of rotavirus diarrhea in Nanning and the role of oral rotavirus live vaccine in disease prevention and protection. Methods: Fresh stool samples from children with diarrhea were collected. Stool samples of 4171 children with diarrhea under 5 years of age from pediatric outpatient department, emergency department and inpatient department of Nanning Maternal and Child Health Care Center were enrolled in group A rotavirus Viral antigen test, of which 1996 cases of hospitalized children with diarrhea were divided into vaccine group and non-vaccine group, compared the incidence of rotavirus diarrhea, the average duration of illness, complications and serious cases. Results: The detection rate of rotavirus was the highest in autumn and winter, with no significant difference in the overall detection rate at 4 years (P> 0.05). However, the detection rate in 2011 showed a decreasing trend compared with 2008-2010. A total of 1 337 rotavirus A positive samples were detected in 4 171 children with diarrhea, with a total detection rate of 32.05%. The positive rate of each age group was 97.24% in 0-3 years and 2.76%> 3 years old (P <0.01), among which, the age ranged from 0 to 6 months was 4.79% Virus-like infection of the high age. Of the 1996 inpatients with diarrhea in hospital, the detection rate of rotavirus in vaccine group was 9.61%, and that in non-vaccine group was 40.26% (P <0.01). There was statistical difference between the two groups in terms of average duration of illness, complications and serious cases Significance (P <0.01). Conclusions: The detection rate of infant rotavirus diarrhea in Nanning region has been decreasing in recent 4 years and high incidence in autumn and winter. Infants aged 6 months to 3 years old are at highest risk of rotavirus infection. Vaccination with oral rotavirus Can prevent rotavirus infection and control severe diarrhea, the development of vaccines become the main means to control the disease.