Objective: To investigate the effects of heat shock treatment on the survial of germ cell in mice.Methods: Eighteen C57 male mice were randomly divided into control group and heat shock-treated group.The lower half of the torso in heat shock-treated group were submerged for 15 min in a water bath set at 43℃.The testes from each animal were collected to count testicular organ index and make HE stained slices.The expression of PLZF and SCP-3 in testis were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results: One day after heat shock treatment, the testicular organ index in treated group was no significant difference when compared with control group (P > 0.05).While 7 and 14 days after heat shock treatment, the testicular organ index in heat shock-treated group were significantly lower than that in control group (P < 0.05).One day after heat shock treatment,the structure of spermatogenic epithelium disordered.The germ cell in seminiferous tubules was incompact.Seven days after heat shock treatment, seminiferous tubules atrophied and loosely arranged.The germ cells and the sperm in the tubules were significantly reduced or even disappeared.Fourteen days after heat shock treatment, seminiferous tubule arranged more closely,and the number of germ cells increased.The number of SCP-3 positive spermatocytes in heat shock-treated group obviously reduced when compared with control group 1 and 7 days after heat shock treatment.While spermatocyte number recovered in 14 th day after treatment.The number of PLZF positive spermatogonial stem cells reduced in heat shock-treated group in 1th day after treatment.However, the number of spermatagonial stem cells were obviously increased in 7th day after treatment, and returned to normal in 14 th day after treatment.Conclusion: Short-term dyszoospermia with reduced germ cell induced by heat shock treatment can been recovered.