Objective To analyze the anesthetic methods and management for the pregnant and parturient women undergoing cardiovascular surgery.Method The data of 9 women who underwent cardiovascular surgery was studied retrospectively.The age were 28.3±4.7 years, gestation age was from 8 weeks of gestation to 2 days after delivery.Preoperative concomitant diseases contained congestive heart failure(n=2), severe pulmonary hypertension(n=1), acute cerebral infarction(n=2) and left eye blindness(n=1).Cardiovascular interventions included mitral valvular replacement(n=1), mitral valvuloplasty(n=1), combined mitral and aortic valvular replacement+coronary artery bypass grafting(n=1), subaortic valvular diaphragm resection(n=1), atrial myxoma removal(n=3) and bentall+total arch replacement+stented elephant trunk implantation (n=2).All patients received balanced general anesthesia with fentanyl or sufentanil as the main anesthetics, but the anesthetic induction was different according to whether the women had performed cesarean section just before the cardiovascular operation or not.The induction drugs for 3 women undergoing cesarean section were low dose ketamine and/or remifentanil, while the other 6 patients were induced with fentanyl or sufentanil in routine doses for heart surgery, the total doses of fentanyl or sufentanil were 50.5±0.5μg/kg or 5.3±2.0μg/kg respectively.Two patients received artificial abortion under basal anesthesia with propofol and small doses of fentanyl postoperatively.One patient with hypercholesterolemia received ECMO to wean from the cardiopulmonary bypass because of low cardiac output syndrome.Results Of the 9 patients, 3 women died postoperatively, the maternal mortality rate was 33.3%.Five neonate survived, 2 fetus were abandoned by their families and 2 fetus were aborted postoperatively, the fetal loss rate was 44.4%.Conclusion The risk for pregnant and parturient women undergoing cardiovascular surgery is still high.It is necessary to understand the pathophysiological effects of pregnancy on cardiovascular diseases thoroughly, and to select appropriate operation timing and procedure and take multidisciplinary approach, so as to guarantee the maternal and fetal safety perioperatively.