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Purpose: To investigate the safety and efficacy of uterine artery embolization (UAE) assisted cesarean section (C-section) for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) in patients with uterine scarring and/or placenta accrete.Materials and Methods: Twelve consecutive pregnant women (mean age: 31; range: 25-38 years) with uterine scarring and/or placenta accrete underwent UAE during C-section to prevent PPH.The left uterine artery was catheterized under fluoroscopic guidance prior to the operation.After the infant was delivered and the umbilical cord was clamped,bilateral UAE was performed with the placenta in situ,then the placenta was removed from uterine wall.The primary endpoints were the maternal and neonatal 30-day operative mortality and fetal morbidity.The secondary endpoints were the operative blood loss,Apgar score,and fluoroscopy time and radiation dose.Results: UAE assisted C-section was successful performed in all 12 cases.No cases of maternal or neonatal death were recorded.Refractory PPH occurred in 1 case which lead to a hysterectomy,postoperative histological examination revealed placenta invasion of the cervix.No other fetal operative complications occurred.The mean operative blood loss was 1411 ml (range: 600-3600).The Apgar score was 10 in 11 infants; 1 infant had a score of 5 at birth,but improved to 10 after cardiopulmonary resuscitation.The mean fluoroscopy time mean and radiation dose was 8.66 minutes (range: 4.35-15.2) and 86.1 mGy (30.2-105),respectively.Conclusion: UAE assisted C-section was safe and appears to be able to prevent PPH in patients with uterine scarring and/or placenta accrete.