Obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and related cardiovascular and renal diseases are all highly interrelated clinical conditions, due to concomitant atherosclerosis.The purpose of this lecture is to p
Background: Among the dietary macronutrients, protein is the most potent in decreasing food intake and potentially body weight.Although the major milk proteins-casein and whey-are reported to decrease
Sleep and circadian rhythms appeared early in the evolution.Cyanobacteria were the first to develop circadian rhythms and their use has been followed both by plants and animals.The same happened with
It is known that sleep deprivation finishes by death of animals.Multiple visceral disorders, and first of all in the gastrointestinal system, follow sleep disturbances also in humans.However, basic st
Glucose is a well-known metabolite which supplies the main energy source in mammalian neurons.Its concentration has to be considered as a stable value in living cells.The main reason for such an effec
目前的主导理论主张突触内和突触外NMDA受体在介导神经元细胞死亡中起着截然相反的作用：激活突触内受体有利于细胞生存：激活突触外受体导致细胞死亡。然而，以往的若干研究工作表明此理论有局限性。我们的数据证实单独激活突触内或突触外受体并不导致细胞死亡，反而导致与存活相关的信号传导系统上调。我们进一步发现细胞死亡与突触内和突触外NMDA受体共激活的程度及时程成正比。基因组芯片的结果表明单独激活突触内或突触
非典型性抗精神病药物(atypical antipsychotics,ADPs)是一类结构和药理功能相近药物的总称,以氯氮平,奥氟平和喹硫平为代表,是目前临床最为广泛使用的精神分裂症治疗手段。抗抑郁药(antidepressant)包括单胺氧化酶抑制剂(MAOI),选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(SSRI)和去甲肾上腺素和5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(NSRI)等都多种类型,主要用于抑郁症和多种神经症的治
Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS.The concentration of glutamate in the synaptic cleft is tightly regulated by the interplay between glutamate release and glutamate clearanc