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为了初步掌握湖南省油茶病虫害发生的实际情况,于2011~2013年采用路线调查法,对我省主要油茶分布县(市、区)油茶病虫害进行了实地调查。记录我省油茶病害29种,以油茶炭疽病(Glomerella cingulata)、软腐病(Agaricodochium camelliae)为油茶主要病害,发生面积较大;虫害种类较多,共计112种,发生较为严重的有茶籽象甲(Curculio chinensis)、茶角胸叶甲(Basilepta melanopus)、茶小卷叶蛾(Archips orana)和茶长卷叶蛾(Homona magnanima)等12种;对不同类型油茶林病害进行了比较,苗圃和老林病害发生严重;不同类型油茶林害虫物种多样性分析表明,新造林害虫物种优势度指数较高,而成林、低改林为害较轻。同时,结合文献资料对油茶有害生物的发生原因进行了讨论,并提出了建立以生态控制技术为主的无公害防治体系的建议。
In order to get a preliminary grasp of the actual situation of pests and diseases of Camellia oleifera in Hunan province, a survey was conducted on the diseases and pests of Camellia oleifera in the main counties of Camellia oleifera from our province in 2011-2013. The results showed that there were 29 species of Camellia oleifera in our province. The main diseases of Camellia oleifera were Glomerella cingulata and Agaricodochium camelliae, with a large area. There were 112 species of pests, more serious were tea seeds 12 species including Curculio chinensis, Basilepta melanopus, Archips orana and Homona magnanima. Compared with the diseases of different types of Camellia oleifera, nursery and old forest diseases The results showed that the species diversity of pests in different types of Camellia oleifera forest showed that the index of dominance index of newly afforestation pests was higher and the damage of forestation and low forest change was lighter. At the same time, the paper discussed the causes of the pests of Camellia oleifera in combination with the literature and put forward the suggestion of establishing a pollution-free control system based on ecological control technology.