Epilepsy affects 1% of individuals under 20 years old.60-70% of these children are adequately treated after trying between 1 to 3 anti-epileptic medications.The other children are pharmacoresistant with less than 5% becoming seizure free when further medication trials are initiated.Many of these children can achieve seizure freedom or significant seizure reduction after epilepsy surgery with a subsequent improvement in quality of life.Best seizure outcome is afforded by localization and laterality of the seizure focus and several non-invasive procedures such as PET, SISCOM and magnetoencephalography (MEG) are helpful in this determination.The functional outcome is as important as seizure cessation.Functional determination is achieved by minimally invasive techniques such as MEG, functional MRI and WADA, or direct cortical stimulation utilizing subdural recordings.Uncooperative children pose some difficulty because of their lack of ability to actively participate during testing.This limits our ability to achieve functional results in MEG and fMRI.The rapidity and frequency of seizures in the very young makes it difficult to do adequately carry out ictal and inter-ictal SPECT studies.Cortical stimulation using subdural electrodes require special parameters in kids and functional results are often more difficult to achieve.Most procedures require sedation at some time during testing.These issues will be addressed and new and novel techniques attempting to overcome these hurdles will be discussed.