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以省域为基本研究单元,以DEA和Malmquist指数为模型框架,发挥地理学空间分析的优势,在宏观层面上对长江经济带水路运输效率进行了测度和空间分析。结果表明:(1)长江经济带水路运输综合效率水平一般,在波动中呈下降趋势,空间结构呈现出从复杂分散到清晰连片的演变特征,且省际差异显著,平均纯技术效率的空间演变和综合效率相似,规模效率变动不大;(2)在分区特征上,2003~2009年东中西三大区域的平均综合效率呈现出东部最高、中部次之、西部最低的三级梯度格局,但在2009~2011年,中部“追赶上”东部,且三大区域的差异度在2006年后呈扩大的态势;(3)水路运输效率变化趋势整体上有所改善,技术进步变化是其改善的源泉,而综合效率变化对效率的提高起到阻碍作用,纯技术效率的恶化是导致综合效率降低的主要原因;(4)2003~2011年水路运输效率变化空间分异明显,综合效率变化有升有降,纯技术效率变化与综合效率变化的空间格局趋同,规模效率变化不大,各省份均有不同程度的技术进步,水路运输效率在三大区域中全部提高,但提高幅度中部>东部>西部。
Taking the provincial area as the basic research unit and the DEA and Malmquist indices as the model framework, the advantages of the geospatial spatial analysis are given full play. The transport efficiency of the Yangtze River economic belt is measured and analyzed at the macro level. The results show that: (1) The comprehensive efficiency of waterway transport along the Yangtze River Economic Belt is generally low and fluctuating, and the spatial structure shows the evolvement characteristics from complex to clear contiguous, with significant differences among provinces and with purely pure technical efficiency (2) On the zonal characteristics, the average comprehensive efficiency of the three eastern, central and western regions from 2003 to 2009 showed the third highest gradient in the east, the next in the middle and the lowest in the west, However, from 2009 to 2011, the central part of the catch-up region of the central part of the country has experienced a widening trend after 2006. (3) The overall trend of water transport efficiency has been improved, and the technological progress has been Which is the source of improvement. However, the change of comprehensive efficiency hinders the improvement of efficiency, and the deterioration of pure technical efficiency is the main reason that leads to the decrease of comprehensive efficiency. (4) The space variation of waterway transportation efficiency from 2003 to 2011 is obvious, and the comprehensive efficiency The changes in the area have been rising or falling, the spatial pattern of pure technical efficiency change and comprehensive efficiency change converge, and the scale efficiency has not changed much. All provinces have different degrees of technological progress, and the water transport efficiency is in the three major regions Ministry of increase, but the magnitude of increase in central> Eastern> Western.