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Objective: To study the incidence in and risk factors of psychiatric inpatient suicide.Methods: This national prospective register-based study followed all psychiatric hospital admissions from date of admission until discharge or inpatient suicide over a ten-year study period from 1997-2006.By using survival analyses techniques this study was the first to take the inpatient-time at risk into account in the estimation of the suicide rate and the predictors of suicide among hospital admitted psychiatric patients.Results: Among 126, 382 psychiatric inpatient 279 suicides occurred.The risk of inpatient suicide was high; 860 suicides per 100.000 inpatient years.Of those who committed suicide 50% died within 18 days of admission.The inpatient suicide rate significantly decreased about 6% each year over this 10-year period.Several significant predictors of suicide were found, including; patients with a bachelor degree had a significantly higher hazard ratio (HR) of suicide compared with those with a primary school degree 0.41 (95% Cl, 0.29-0.60) or those with vocational training 0.54 (95% Cl, 0.39-0.77).Having a personality disorder as a secondary diagnosis raised the risk of suicide (HR=1.60; 95% Cl, 1.01-2.53) as well as having had a recent contact to a private psychologist (HR=1.85; 95% Cl, 1.05-3.27).Recent suicide attempt before admission to hospital showed the highest risk of inpatient suicide (HR=4.99; 95% Cl, 3.57-6.96).Conclusion: This study demonstrated a high risk of psychiatric inpatient suicide of 860 per 100.000 inpatient years in Denmark, and several significant predictors.Furthermore, the inpatient suicide rate decreased from 1997-2006 in Denmark.