Polylactide (PLA) composites with aluminum hydroxide (ATH) and montmorillonite were prepared via direct melting compounding using a twin-screw micro extruder.It was found that the modified clays were either intercalated or exfoliated in the matrix observed by XRD analysis and TEM micrographs.The limiting oxygen index, LOI, of the PLA composite can be increased from 20.5 for the PLA without fillers to 36 for that with 50 wt% of ATH, and the LOI can be further raised to 42 for the PLA composite with 5 wt% of clays and 45 wt% of ATH.The V-0 rating of the PLA nanocomposite was also verified by UL-94 testing.It shows the synergistic effects on the fire retardancy with addition of the nanoclays.