A universal lithographic methodology for creating functional single-molecule devices based on carbon nanomaterials as point contacts has been developed.[1] In this talk,I will detail our rational bioassay techniques by using bridge molecules with functional side groups capable of subsequent biocompatible assembly.We have been able to form complex multicomponent nanostructures from single-molecule devices by combining programmed chemical reactivity and directed self-assembly.We bridge nanogapped electrodes with a molecule that can react with a biochemical probe molecule.The probe then binds to a complementary molecule to form a noncovalent assembly.We electrically monitor each step of the process at the single event level.We have tested this approach in biological systems,including DNA hybridization,DNA-protein interaction,and biotin/streptavidin binding.[2] One key advantage of this approach to biosensing is the ability to form a well-defined chemical linkage between a molecular wire and a probe molecule.Furthermore,because it is constructed from a single molecule,each device can monitor individual binding events.This methodology demonstrates a connection between electrical conduction and biology that offers a glimpse into the future of integrated multifunctional sensors and devices.